Ummul-Qura
Calendar of Saudi Arabia
The criteria is that on
the New Moon day, if the moon is born before sunset at Makkah and moonset is
after sunset then the month start on that night. First day of the month falls
on the next day, otherwise wait for another day.
Dr. Zaki A. Mostafa of
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
published an article,"Lunar Calendars: The New Saudi Arabian
Criteria" in SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Journal of The
Observatory, Vol 125, p. 25-30. In conclusion of this article, he says,
"Saudi Ummul-Qura criterion depends upon the probability of seeing the
crescent rather than the capability (or visibility), that reduces the errors of
starting the month before the conjunction or of beginning the month two days
after the conjunction."
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